90. Life-Extension

(opposite of earlier poisons category, i.e., life curtailment)

There is a whole consumptive use category to certain materials for life extension. This is more than basic foods, as people are directed toward many other things (or even food reduction as a social choice) besides foods in a quest for longevity.

When I put up the poisons category, it failed to occur to me that life extension is its required opposite. So we've reached #90.

Interesting work on methionine

Vegetarian low protein diet could be key to long life
A vegetarian diet could be the key to a long life, a new study suggests.


By Richard Alleyne, Science Correspondent
Published: 7:30AM GMT 03 Dec 2009

Reducing consumption of a protein found in fish and meat could slow the ageing process and increase life expectancy, according to the research.

Scientists have long believed that an ultra low calorie diet - aproximately 60 per cent of normal levels - can lead to greater longevity.

But now a team of British researchers have discovered that the key to the effect is a reduction in a specific protein and not the total number of calories.

That means that by reducing foods that contain the protein - such as meat, fish and certain nuts - people should live longer without the need to cut down on meals.

Dr Matthew Piper, from the Institute of Healthy Ageing at University College London, said that a vegetarian diet could be one way to achieve the effect.

Studies in animals including monkeys have shown that reducing food intake can benefit health and increase lifespan.

Researchers have found that reducing calories by as much as 30 per cent could reduce risks of developing heart disease or cancer by half and increase lifetimes by nearly a third.

The extreme diets - just above malnutrition levels - add an extra 25 years to the average life in Britain with the vast majority of people living to their 100th birthday

But in a series of new experiments on fruit flies, scientists discovered that simply varying the mix of amino acids in the diet affected lifespan.

Further study revealed that one particular amino acid, methionine, made all the difference. [It's similar in basic metabolism to tryptophan, both have only one codon, so two basic metabolistic paths?: "Methionine is one of only two amino acids encoded by a single codon (AUG) in the standard genetic code (tryptophan, encoded by UGG, is the other)."]

Although flies and people are very different, the researchers believe the effects are likely to be conserved throughout a wide range of different species including humans.

Dr Piper said: "It's not as simple as saying 'eat less nuts' or 'eat more nuts' to live longer - it's about getting the protein balance right, a factor that might be particularly important for high protein diets, such as the Atkins diet or body builders' protein supplements."

Methionine is essential to the formation of all proteins. It is naturally abundant in foods such as fish and meats as well as sesame seeds, Brazil nuts and wheat germ.

Humans have around four times more genes than the fruit fly, but both share many similar genes with basic biological functions.

Therefore, even though the fruit fly does not on the surface resemble humans, many findings about its basic biology can be extrapolated to humans.

"This work was done on flies but similar results have been found in mice," said Dr Piper. "If it turns it has the same effect on humans, then the message is avoid high levels of methionine." [tests like this are undone so far, so keep that in mind]

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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
health/healthnews/6710896/
Vegetarian-low-protein-diet-could-be-key-to-long-life.html
December 5, 2009 2:54 PM